Therapeutic Areas

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and serious medical condition producing high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. In a healthy circulatory system, the pressure in the pulmonary arteries is much lower than that in the systemic arteries (which supply oxygenated blood to the rest of the body). In PH, the pressure in these arteries becomes abnormally elevated. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is a form of PH where the pulmonary arteries become narrow and stiff, making it harder for blood to flow through them.

IPF and PF-ILD are two different but related medical conditions that affect the lungs.

IPF is a specific and relatively rare type of pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is diagnosed where there is no identifiable cause for the pulmonary fibrosis, such as underlying diseases or exposure to toxins. It is a progressive and chronic disease characterised by scarring of the lung tissue. This scarring makes the lungs stiff and less able to expand and contract, making it difficult to breath.

PF-ILD is a broader term that encompasses various interstitial lung diseases including but not limited to IPF. Unlike IPF, PF-ILD includes cases where there is a known cause for the pulmonary fibrosis such as exposure to environmental toxins, certain medications, autoimmune disease and infections. The key feature of PF-ILD is the scarring (fibrosis) of the interstitial tissue in the lungs, which is the tissue that surrounds and supports the air sacs (alveoli). This scarring can also make it difficult for the lungs to function properly and lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath and coughing.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are two distinct neurological conditions that affect the nervous system. They have different causes, symptoms and treatments.

MS is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord. The immune system in MS mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers in the CNS. It leads to inflammation, loss of myelin and the formation of scar tissue. This damage leads to a range of neurological symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, numbness, balance problems, vision disturbances and more.

SMA is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and lower brainstem. Motor neurons are the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. When these neurons degenerate, it leads to muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting), as the muscles no longer receive signals to contract and function properly.

Immunological diseases, also known as autoimmune diseases, are a group of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy cells, tissues and organs in the body. The immune system’s main role is to defend the body against harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. In the case of immunological diseases, the immune system loses its ability to distinguish between foreign invaders and the body’s own cells and tissues.

There are a large number of immunological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ankyolosing spondylitis, plaque psoriasis and ulcerative colitis.

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-sized gland located just below the bladder in men. The prostate gland is responsible for producing seminal fluid, a component of semen that nourishes and transports sperm.

Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. Over time, these cancerous cells can form a tumour and potentially spread to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and nearby lymph notes. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men.

In the early states, prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the cancer advances, symptoms can include difficulty urinating, frequent urination (especially at night), weak or interrupted urine flow, blood in the urine or semen, pain or discomfort in the pelvic area, and erectile dysfunction.

Eosinophilia asthma is characterised by elevated levels of eosinophils in the blood and airways. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system and is associated with allergic responses and inflammation. In eosinophilic asthma, there is an increased presence of these eosinophils in the airways and lung tissues contributing to airway inflammation and asthma symptoms.

The symptoms of eosinophilic asthma are similar to those of other asthma subtypes and can include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system. The immune system is responsible for fighting off infections and diseases. When a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus can gradually weaken the immune system, making it less effective at defending against various infections and illnesses. If not treated, HIV can lead to a condition called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

HIV can be transmitted through contact with certain bodily fluids such as blood and semen from a person who has HIV. This transmission can occur through activities such as sexual contact and sharing of needles and syringes for drug use.

Although there is currently no cure for HIV, it can be managed and controlled with antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART consists of a combination of medications that can effectively suppress the virus’s replication, allowing people with HIV to lead healthy lives and reducing the risk of transmitting the virus to others. It is important to get tested for HIV, practice safe sex and take appropriate precautions to prevent transmission.